Kamailio Module intialization description
===========================================

This document is a very brief overview on what possibilities are for a module
to run some initializations (or put in another way: What's safe and what's
 not safe to do in mod_init and mod_child_init).

The interesting function are the mod_init (the init_f memeber of
the module_exports structure) and the mod_child_init (init_child_f in
module_exports) functions.

mod_init
--------

mod_init is called after parsing the config, loading all the modules and
going into daemon mode. mod_init is called in the main process context,
before changing the uid or gid (so if you want to do something requiring
higher privileges this is the place to do it). This is not the right place
to fork more Kamailio processes, but instead is the only place where one can 
register future forked processes (see register_procs()).

mod_init is ideal for initializing per process variables, assuming that you
don't need different values for each Kamailio child (in which case see 
mod_child_init below) and shared memory variables assuming that you don't 
need Kamailio's number of processes (which is not available at this point).


mod_child_init
---------------

mod_child_init is called for each forked Kamailio process with 2 exceptions:
 - it's called for the main process too and it's called twice
 - it's not called for Kamailio processes forked with PROC_NOCHLDINIT

mod_child_init is always called after mod_init. It takes one parameter, the
 process rank. This parameter can be used to differentiate between normal
  new-forked-process calls and some special calls.
There are two very special rank values: PROC_INIT (as of 2007-06-06) and
 PROC_MAIN:
mod_child_init(PROC_INIT) is the first mod_child_init call made, and it's
 guaranteed to happen before any child process is forked. The process context
  is the "main" process (as for mod_init), but this time we have a little bit
 more information: we know the number of Kamailio processes. This is the right
  place to initialize things like shared arrays[get_max_procs()].
Note also that everything done here will be inherited in all the future
 children processes (since it's executed in the "main" process context before
 forking).

mod_child_init(PROC_MAIN) is another call that is done in the same "main"
 process context. This call happens just before initializing the main tcp
  process. This is the only right place for forking more Kamailio processes
  (see fork_process()). WARNING: the context is the same "main" process as
 for mod_child_init(PROC_INIT) and mod_init() so care must be taken not to
 initialize things twice or three times for the "main" process.

Except for the "main" process case mod_child_init(rank) will be called only
once for each new child process, just after forking. A positive non-zero rank
 means the current process is a normal Kamailio process and a negative rank has
  some special meaning (grep PROC_ sr_module.h for more info).
mod_child_init(rank) is the best place for initializing per process variables,
 opening per process database connections, new sockets a.s.o. Note however
 that several mod_child_init()s can execute in the same time (with the
  PROC_INIT exceptions) so this is not a good place for initializing shared
  memory variables.



mod_child_init in the no-fork case
----------------------------------

If Kamailio is started in no-fork mode it will try to start as few processes as
possible (as of this date it will start 3 processes the main process and the
2 timers). In this case mod_child_init() will be called 3 times in the
same "main" process context: mod_child_init(PROC_INIT);
mod_child_init(PROC_MAIN) and mod_child_init(1) (since the first process is
also the "main" one).


Forking new Kamailio processes from a module
---------------------------------------

static int mod_init()
{
	register_procs(2); /* we want to create 2 extra processes */
	return 0;
}

static int mod_child(int rank)
{
	int pid;
	
	if (rank==PROC_MAIN){
		pid=fork_process(some_positive_number, "name", 1);
		if (pid<0)
			return -1; /* error */
		else if (pid ==0){
			/* child1_main_loop(); */
		}else{ /* parent */
			pid=fork_process(some_other_postivie_number, "name2", 1);
			if (pid<0) 
			    /* ... same as above */
			...
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

The forked child process shall also update its local configuration,
please read the section "Refreshing the configuration" in doc/cfg.txt.


Summary
-------

mod_init():
 - register the number of processes that will be forked from
   mod_child_init(PROC_MAIN) (if any) , see register_procs().
 - initialize things requiring higher privileges
 - initialize per process variables with common value (they will be 
   inherited by all the future children)
 - initialize shared memory variables if possible (no need for things that
   are available latter like the process count)

mod_child_init(PROC_INIT)
 - same as mod_init except for registering processes & privileged stuff
 - the process number is now available so for example initializing shared 
   per process statistics arrays (int stats[proc_no]) is possible
 - guaranteed to be run before any process is forked (like mod_init()).

  WARNING: same process context as mod_init() and mod_child_init(PROC_MAIN) so
  care must be taken not to initialize things 2 or 3 times for the "main"
  process.

mod_child_init(PROC_MAIN)
 - the only place from where another Kamailio process can be forked 
   (see fork_process  ()), but remember first to register the number of 
   to-be-forked processes in mod_init()

mod_child_init(rank!=PROC_INIT && rank!=PROC_MAIN)
 - initialize other per process variables (e.g. different values), whose 
   initial values will be visible only in the current process (they won't
   be inherited anymore).
 - open per process db connections, sockets a.s.o.
 - seed custom random generators
 
  WARNINGs: - several mod_child_inits() can run in parallel
            - the rank number is not necessarily unique
 
 -