ftdi.c

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/***************************************************************************
                          ftdi.c  -  description
                             -------------------
    begin                : Fri Apr 4 2003
    copyright            : (C) 2003-2010 by Intra2net AG
    email                : opensource@intra2net.com
 ***************************************************************************/

/***************************************************************************
 *                                                                         *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
 *   it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License           *
 *   version 2.1 as published by the Free Software Foundation;             *
 *                                                                         *
 ***************************************************************************/

/* @{ */

#include <usb.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#include "ftdi.h"

/* stuff needed for async write */
#ifdef LIBFTDI_LINUX_ASYNC_MODE
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <linux/usbdevice_fs.h>
#endif

#define ftdi_error_return(code, str) do {  \
        ftdi->error_str = str;             \
        return code;                       \
   } while(0);


static int ftdi_usb_close_internal (struct ftdi_context *ftdi)
{
    int ret = 0;

    if (ftdi && ftdi->usb_dev)
    {
       ret = usb_close (ftdi->usb_dev);
       ftdi->usb_dev = NULL;
    }

    return ret;
}

int ftdi_init(struct ftdi_context *ftdi)
{
    unsigned int i;

    ftdi->usb_dev = NULL;
    ftdi->usb_read_timeout = 5000;
    ftdi->usb_write_timeout = 5000;

    ftdi->type = TYPE_BM;    /* chip type */
    ftdi->baudrate = -1;
    ftdi->bitbang_enabled = 0;  /* 0: normal mode 1: any of the bitbang modes enabled */

    ftdi->readbuffer = NULL;
    ftdi->readbuffer_offset = 0;
    ftdi->readbuffer_remaining = 0;
    ftdi->writebuffer_chunksize = 4096;
    ftdi->max_packet_size = 0;

    ftdi->interface = 0;
    ftdi->index = 0;
    ftdi->in_ep = 0x02;
    ftdi->out_ep = 0x81;
    ftdi->bitbang_mode = 1; /* when bitbang is enabled this holds the number of the mode  */

    ftdi->error_str = NULL;

#ifdef LIBFTDI_LINUX_ASYNC_MODE
    ftdi->async_usb_buffer_size=10;
    if ((ftdi->async_usb_buffer=malloc(sizeof(struct usbdevfs_urb)*ftdi->async_usb_buffer_size)) == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "out of memory for async usb buffer");

    /* initialize async usb buffer with unused-marker */
    for (i=0; i < ftdi->async_usb_buffer_size; i++)
        ((struct usbdevfs_urb*)ftdi->async_usb_buffer)[i].usercontext = FTDI_URB_USERCONTEXT_COOKIE;
#else
    ftdi->async_usb_buffer_size=0;
    ftdi->async_usb_buffer = NULL;
#endif

    ftdi->eeprom_size = FTDI_DEFAULT_EEPROM_SIZE;

    ftdi->module_detach_mode = AUTO_DETACH_SIO_MODULE;

    /* All fine. Now allocate the readbuffer */
    return ftdi_read_data_set_chunksize(ftdi, 4096);
}

struct ftdi_context *ftdi_new(void)
{
    struct ftdi_context * ftdi = (struct ftdi_context *)malloc(sizeof(struct ftdi_context));

    if (ftdi == NULL)
    {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (ftdi_init(ftdi) != 0)
    {
        free(ftdi);
        return NULL;
    }

    return ftdi;
}

int ftdi_set_interface(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, enum ftdi_interface interface)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    switch (interface)
    {
        case INTERFACE_ANY:
        case INTERFACE_A:
            /* ftdi_usb_open_desc cares to set the right index, depending on the found chip */
            break;
        case INTERFACE_B:
            ftdi->interface = 1;
            ftdi->index     = INTERFACE_B;
            ftdi->in_ep     = 0x04;
            ftdi->out_ep    = 0x83;
            break;
        case INTERFACE_C:
            ftdi->interface = 2;
            ftdi->index     = INTERFACE_C;
            ftdi->in_ep     = 0x06;
            ftdi->out_ep    = 0x85;
            break;
        case INTERFACE_D:
            ftdi->interface = 3;
            ftdi->index     = INTERFACE_D;
            ftdi->in_ep     = 0x08;
            ftdi->out_ep    = 0x87;
            break;
        default:
            ftdi_error_return(-1, "Unknown interface");
    }
    return 0;
}

void ftdi_deinit(struct ftdi_context *ftdi)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL)
        return;

    ftdi_usb_close_internal (ftdi);

    if (ftdi->async_usb_buffer != NULL)
    {
        free(ftdi->async_usb_buffer);
        ftdi->async_usb_buffer = NULL;
    }

    if (ftdi->readbuffer != NULL)
    {
        free(ftdi->readbuffer);
        ftdi->readbuffer = NULL;
    }
}

void ftdi_free(struct ftdi_context *ftdi)
{
    ftdi_deinit(ftdi);
    free(ftdi);
}

void ftdi_set_usbdev (struct ftdi_context *ftdi, usb_dev_handle *usb)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL)
        return;

    ftdi->usb_dev = usb;
}


int ftdi_usb_find_all(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, struct ftdi_device_list **devlist, int vendor, int product)
{
    struct ftdi_device_list **curdev;
    struct usb_bus *bus;
    struct usb_device *dev;
    int count = 0;

    usb_init();
    if (usb_find_busses() < 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "usb_find_busses() failed");
    if (usb_find_devices() < 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "usb_find_devices() failed");

    curdev = devlist;
    *curdev = NULL;
    for (bus = usb_get_busses(); bus; bus = bus->next)
    {
        for (dev = bus->devices; dev; dev = dev->next)
        {
            if (dev->descriptor.idVendor == vendor
                    && dev->descriptor.idProduct == product)
            {
                *curdev = (struct ftdi_device_list*)malloc(sizeof(struct ftdi_device_list));
                if (!*curdev)
                    ftdi_error_return(-3, "out of memory");

                (*curdev)->next = NULL;
                (*curdev)->dev = dev;

                curdev = &(*curdev)->next;
                count++;
            }
        }
    }

    return count;
}

void ftdi_list_free(struct ftdi_device_list **devlist)
{
    struct ftdi_device_list *curdev, *next;

    for (curdev = *devlist; curdev != NULL;)
    {
        next = curdev->next;
        free(curdev);
        curdev = next;
    }

    *devlist = NULL;
}

void ftdi_list_free2(struct ftdi_device_list *devlist)
{
    ftdi_list_free(&devlist);
}

int ftdi_usb_get_strings(struct ftdi_context * ftdi, struct usb_device * dev,
                         char * manufacturer, int mnf_len, char * description, int desc_len, char * serial, int serial_len)
{
    if ((ftdi==NULL) || (dev==NULL))
        return -1;

    if (!(ftdi->usb_dev = usb_open(dev)))
        ftdi_error_return(-4, usb_strerror());

    if (manufacturer != NULL)
    {
        if (usb_get_string_simple(ftdi->usb_dev, dev->descriptor.iManufacturer, manufacturer, mnf_len) <= 0)
        {
            ftdi_usb_close_internal (ftdi);
            ftdi_error_return(-7, usb_strerror());
        }
    }

    if (description != NULL)
    {
        if (usb_get_string_simple(ftdi->usb_dev, dev->descriptor.iProduct, description, desc_len) <= 0)
        {
            ftdi_usb_close_internal (ftdi);
            ftdi_error_return(-8, usb_strerror());
        }
    }

    if (serial != NULL)
    {
        if (usb_get_string_simple(ftdi->usb_dev, dev->descriptor.iSerialNumber, serial, serial_len) <= 0)
        {
            ftdi_usb_close_internal (ftdi);
            ftdi_error_return(-9, usb_strerror());
        }
    }

    if (ftdi_usb_close_internal (ftdi) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-10, usb_strerror());

    return 0;
}

static unsigned int _ftdi_determine_max_packet_size(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, struct usb_device *dev)
{
    unsigned int packet_size;

    // Sanity check
    if (ftdi == NULL || dev == NULL)
        return 64;

    // Determine maximum packet size. Init with default value.
    // New hi-speed devices from FTDI use a packet size of 512 bytes
    // but could be connected to a normal speed USB hub -> 64 bytes packet size.
    if (ftdi->type == TYPE_2232H || ftdi->type == TYPE_4232H || ftdi->type == TYPE_232H)
        packet_size = 512;
    else
        packet_size = 64;

    if (dev->descriptor.bNumConfigurations > 0 && dev->config)
    {
        struct usb_config_descriptor config = dev->config[0];

        if (ftdi->interface < config.bNumInterfaces)
        {
            struct usb_interface interface = config.interface[ftdi->interface];
            if (interface.num_altsetting > 0)
            {
                struct usb_interface_descriptor descriptor = interface.altsetting[0];
                if (descriptor.bNumEndpoints > 0)
                {
                    packet_size = descriptor.endpoint[0].wMaxPacketSize;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return packet_size;
}

int ftdi_usb_open_dev(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, struct usb_device *dev)
{
    int detach_errno = 0;
    int config_val = 1;

    if (ftdi == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-8, "ftdi context invalid");

    if (!(ftdi->usb_dev = usb_open(dev)))
        ftdi_error_return(-4, "usb_open() failed");

#ifdef LIBUSB_HAS_GET_DRIVER_NP
    // Try to detach ftdi_sio kernel module.
    // Returns ENODATA if driver is not loaded.
    //
    // The return code is kept in a separate variable and only parsed
    // if usb_set_configuration() or usb_claim_interface() fails as the
    // detach operation might be denied and everything still works fine.
    // Likely scenario is a static ftdi_sio kernel module.
    if (ftdi->module_detach_mode == AUTO_DETACH_SIO_MODULE)
    {
        if (usb_detach_kernel_driver_np(ftdi->usb_dev, ftdi->interface) != 0 && errno != ENODATA)
            detach_errno = errno;
    }
#endif

#ifdef __WIN32__
    // set configuration (needed especially for windows)
    // tolerate EBUSY: one device with one configuration, but two interfaces
    //    and libftdi sessions to both interfaces (e.g. FT2232)

    if (dev->descriptor.bNumConfigurations > 0)
    {
        // libusb-win32 on Windows 64 can return a null pointer for a valid device
        if (dev->config)
            config_val = dev->config[0].bConfigurationValue;

        if (usb_set_configuration(ftdi->usb_dev, config_val) &&
            errno != EBUSY)
        {
            ftdi_usb_close_internal (ftdi);
            if (detach_errno == EPERM)
            {
                ftdi_error_return(-8, "inappropriate permissions on device!");
            }
            else
            {
                ftdi_error_return(-3, "unable to set usb configuration. Make sure the default FTDI driver is not in use");
            }
        }
    }
#endif

    if (usb_claim_interface(ftdi->usb_dev, ftdi->interface) != 0)
    {
        ftdi_usb_close_internal (ftdi);
        if (detach_errno == EPERM)
        {
            ftdi_error_return(-8, "inappropriate permissions on device!");
        }
        else
        {
            ftdi_error_return(-5, "unable to claim usb device. Make sure the default FTDI driver is not in use");
        }
    }

    if (ftdi_usb_reset (ftdi) != 0)
    {
        ftdi_usb_close_internal (ftdi);
        ftdi_error_return(-6, "ftdi_usb_reset failed");
    }

    // Try to guess chip type
    // Bug in the BM type chips: bcdDevice is 0x200 for serial == 0
    if (dev->descriptor.bcdDevice == 0x400 || (dev->descriptor.bcdDevice == 0x200
            && dev->descriptor.iSerialNumber == 0))
        ftdi->type = TYPE_BM;
    else if (dev->descriptor.bcdDevice == 0x200)
        ftdi->type = TYPE_AM;
    else if (dev->descriptor.bcdDevice == 0x500)
        ftdi->type = TYPE_2232C;
    else if (dev->descriptor.bcdDevice == 0x600)
        ftdi->type = TYPE_R;
    else if (dev->descriptor.bcdDevice == 0x700)
        ftdi->type = TYPE_2232H;
    else if (dev->descriptor.bcdDevice == 0x800)
        ftdi->type = TYPE_4232H;
    else if (dev->descriptor.bcdDevice == 0x900)
        ftdi->type = TYPE_232H;

    // Set default interface on dual/quad type chips
    switch(ftdi->type)
    {
        case TYPE_2232C:
        case TYPE_2232H:
        case TYPE_4232H:
            if (!ftdi->index)
                ftdi->index = INTERFACE_A;
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }

    // Determine maximum packet size
    ftdi->max_packet_size = _ftdi_determine_max_packet_size(ftdi, dev);

    if (ftdi_set_baudrate (ftdi, 9600) != 0)
    {
        ftdi_usb_close_internal (ftdi);
        ftdi_error_return(-7, "set baudrate failed");
    }

    ftdi_error_return(0, "all fine");
}

int ftdi_usb_open(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, int vendor, int product)
{
    return ftdi_usb_open_desc(ftdi, vendor, product, NULL, NULL);
}

int ftdi_usb_open_desc(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, int vendor, int product,
                       const char* description, const char* serial)
{
    return ftdi_usb_open_desc_index(ftdi,vendor,product,description,serial,0);
}

int ftdi_usb_open_desc_index(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, int vendor, int product,
                       const char* description, const char* serial, unsigned int index)
{
    struct usb_bus *bus;
    struct usb_device *dev;
    char string[256];

    usb_init();

    if (usb_find_busses() < 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "usb_find_busses() failed");
    if (usb_find_devices() < 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "usb_find_devices() failed");

    if (ftdi == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-11, "ftdi context invalid");

    for (bus = usb_get_busses(); bus; bus = bus->next)
    {
        for (dev = bus->devices; dev; dev = dev->next)
        {
            if (dev->descriptor.idVendor == vendor
                    && dev->descriptor.idProduct == product)
            {
                if (!(ftdi->usb_dev = usb_open(dev)))
                    ftdi_error_return(-4, "usb_open() failed");

                if (description != NULL)
                {
                    if (usb_get_string_simple(ftdi->usb_dev, dev->descriptor.iProduct, string, sizeof(string)) <= 0)
                    {
                        ftdi_usb_close_internal (ftdi);
                        ftdi_error_return(-8, "unable to fetch product description");
                    }
                    if (strncmp(string, description, sizeof(string)) != 0)
                    {
                        if (ftdi_usb_close_internal (ftdi) != 0)
                            ftdi_error_return(-10, "unable to close device");
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                if (serial != NULL)
                {
                    if (usb_get_string_simple(ftdi->usb_dev, dev->descriptor.iSerialNumber, string, sizeof(string)) <= 0)
                    {
                        ftdi_usb_close_internal (ftdi);
                        ftdi_error_return(-9, "unable to fetch serial number");
                    }
                    if (strncmp(string, serial, sizeof(string)) != 0)
                    {
                        if (ftdi_usb_close_internal (ftdi) != 0)
                            ftdi_error_return(-10, "unable to close device");
                        continue;
                    }
                }

                if (ftdi_usb_close_internal (ftdi) != 0)
                    ftdi_error_return(-10, "unable to close device");

                if (index > 0)
                {
                    index--;
                    continue;
                }

                return ftdi_usb_open_dev(ftdi, dev);
            }
        }
    }

    // device not found
    ftdi_error_return(-3, "device not found");
}

int ftdi_usb_open_string(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, const char* description)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-12, "ftdi context invalid");

    if (description[0] == 0 || description[1] != ':')
        ftdi_error_return(-11, "illegal description format");

    if (description[0] == 'd')
    {
        struct usb_bus *bus;
        struct usb_device *dev;

        usb_init();

        if (usb_find_busses() < 0)
            ftdi_error_return(-1, "usb_find_busses() failed");
        if (usb_find_devices() < 0)
            ftdi_error_return(-2, "usb_find_devices() failed");

        for (bus = usb_get_busses(); bus; bus = bus->next)
        {
            for (dev = bus->devices; dev; dev = dev->next)
            {
                /* XXX: This doesn't handle symlinks/odd paths/etc... */
                const char *desc = description + 2;
                size_t len = strlen(bus->dirname);
                if (strncmp(desc, bus->dirname, len))
                    continue;
                desc += len;
                if (desc[0] != '/')
                    continue;
                ++desc;
                if (strcmp(desc, dev->filename))
                    continue;
                return ftdi_usb_open_dev(ftdi, dev);
            }
        }

        // device not found
        ftdi_error_return(-3, "device not found");
    }
    else if (description[0] == 'i' || description[0] == 's')
    {
        unsigned int vendor;
        unsigned int product;
        unsigned int index=0;
        const char *serial=NULL;
        const char *startp, *endp;

        errno=0;
        startp=description+2;
        vendor=strtoul((char*)startp,(char**)&endp,0);
        if (*endp != ':' || endp == startp || errno != 0)
            ftdi_error_return(-11, "illegal description format");

        startp=endp+1;
        product=strtoul((char*)startp,(char**)&endp,0);
        if (endp == startp || errno != 0)
            ftdi_error_return(-11, "illegal description format");

        if (description[0] == 'i' && *endp != 0)
        {
            /* optional index field in i-mode */
            if (*endp != ':')
                ftdi_error_return(-11, "illegal description format");

            startp=endp+1;
            index=strtoul((char*)startp,(char**)&endp,0);
            if (*endp != 0 || endp == startp || errno != 0)
                ftdi_error_return(-11, "illegal description format");
        }
        if (description[0] == 's')
        {
            if (*endp != ':')
                ftdi_error_return(-11, "illegal description format");

            /* rest of the description is the serial */
            serial=endp+1;
        }

        return ftdi_usb_open_desc_index(ftdi, vendor, product, NULL, serial, index);
    }
    else
    {
        ftdi_error_return(-11, "illegal description format");
    }
}

int ftdi_usb_reset(struct ftdi_context *ftdi)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE,
                        SIO_RESET_REQUEST, SIO_RESET_SIO,
                        ftdi->index, NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-1,"FTDI reset failed");

    // Invalidate data in the readbuffer
    ftdi->readbuffer_offset = 0;
    ftdi->readbuffer_remaining = 0;

    return 0;
}

int ftdi_usb_purge_rx_buffer(struct ftdi_context *ftdi)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE,
                        SIO_RESET_REQUEST, SIO_RESET_PURGE_RX,
                        ftdi->index, NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "FTDI purge of RX buffer failed");

    // Invalidate data in the readbuffer
    ftdi->readbuffer_offset = 0;
    ftdi->readbuffer_remaining = 0;

    return 0;
}

int ftdi_usb_purge_tx_buffer(struct ftdi_context *ftdi)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE,
                        SIO_RESET_REQUEST, SIO_RESET_PURGE_TX,
                        ftdi->index, NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "FTDI purge of TX buffer failed");

    return 0;
}

int ftdi_usb_purge_buffers(struct ftdi_context *ftdi)
{
    int result;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-3, "USB device unavailable");

    result = ftdi_usb_purge_rx_buffer(ftdi);
    if (result < 0)
        return -1;

    result = ftdi_usb_purge_tx_buffer(ftdi);
    if (result < 0)
        return -2;

    return 0;
}



int ftdi_usb_close(struct ftdi_context *ftdi)
{
    int rtn = 0;

    if (ftdi == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-3, "ftdi context invalid");

#ifdef LIBFTDI_LINUX_ASYNC_MODE
    /* try to release some kernel resources */
    ftdi_async_complete(ftdi,1);
#endif

    if (ftdi->usb_dev != NULL)
        if (usb_release_interface(ftdi->usb_dev, ftdi->interface) != 0)
            rtn = -1;

    if (ftdi_usb_close_internal (ftdi) != 0)
        rtn = -2;

    return rtn;
}

static int ftdi_convert_baudrate(int baudrate, struct ftdi_context *ftdi,
                                 unsigned short *value, unsigned short *index)
{
    static const char am_adjust_up[8] = {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 1};
    static const char am_adjust_dn[8] = {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3};
    static const char frac_code[8] = {0, 3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 6, 7};
    int divisor, best_divisor, best_baud, best_baud_diff;
    unsigned long encoded_divisor;
    int i;

    if (baudrate <= 0)
    {
        // Return error
        return -1;
    }

    divisor = 24000000 / baudrate;

    if (ftdi->type == TYPE_AM)
    {
        // Round down to supported fraction (AM only)
        divisor -= am_adjust_dn[divisor & 7];
    }

    // Try this divisor and the one above it (because division rounds down)
    best_divisor = 0;
    best_baud = 0;
    best_baud_diff = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
    {
        int try_divisor = divisor + i;
        int baud_estimate;
        int baud_diff;

        // Round up to supported divisor value
        if (try_divisor <= 8)
        {
            // Round up to minimum supported divisor
            try_divisor = 8;
        }
        else if (ftdi->type != TYPE_AM && try_divisor < 12)
        {
            // BM doesn't support divisors 9 through 11 inclusive
            try_divisor = 12;
        }
        else if (divisor < 16)
        {
            // AM doesn't support divisors 9 through 15 inclusive
            try_divisor = 16;
        }
        else
        {
            if (ftdi->type == TYPE_AM)
            {
                // Round up to supported fraction (AM only)
                try_divisor += am_adjust_up[try_divisor & 7];
                if (try_divisor > 0x1FFF8)
                {
                    // Round down to maximum supported divisor value (for AM)
                    try_divisor = 0x1FFF8;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if (try_divisor > 0x1FFFF)
                {
                    // Round down to maximum supported divisor value (for BM)
                    try_divisor = 0x1FFFF;
                }
            }
        }
        // Get estimated baud rate (to nearest integer)
        baud_estimate = (24000000 + (try_divisor / 2)) / try_divisor;
        // Get absolute difference from requested baud rate
        if (baud_estimate < baudrate)
        {
            baud_diff = baudrate - baud_estimate;
        }
        else
        {
            baud_diff = baud_estimate - baudrate;
        }
        if (i == 0 || baud_diff < best_baud_diff)
        {
            // Closest to requested baud rate so far
            best_divisor = try_divisor;
            best_baud = baud_estimate;
            best_baud_diff = baud_diff;
            if (baud_diff == 0)
            {
                // Spot on! No point trying
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    // Encode the best divisor value
    encoded_divisor = (best_divisor >> 3) | (frac_code[best_divisor & 7] << 14);
    // Deal with special cases for encoded value
    if (encoded_divisor == 1)
    {
        encoded_divisor = 0;    // 3000000 baud
    }
    else if (encoded_divisor == 0x4001)
    {
        encoded_divisor = 1;    // 2000000 baud (BM only)
    }
    // Split into "value" and "index" values
    *value = (unsigned short)(encoded_divisor & 0xFFFF);
    if (ftdi->type == TYPE_2232C || ftdi->type == TYPE_2232H || ftdi->type == TYPE_4232H
        || ftdi->type == TYPE_232H)
    {
        *index = (unsigned short)(encoded_divisor >> 8);
        *index &= 0xFF00;
        *index |= ftdi->index;
    }
    else
        *index = (unsigned short)(encoded_divisor >> 16);

    // Return the nearest baud rate
    return best_baud;
}

int ftdi_set_baudrate(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, int baudrate)
{
    unsigned short value, index;
    int actual_baudrate;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-3, "USB device unavailable");

    if (ftdi->bitbang_enabled)
    {
        baudrate = baudrate*4;
    }

    actual_baudrate = ftdi_convert_baudrate(baudrate, ftdi, &value, &index);
    if (actual_baudrate <= 0)
        ftdi_error_return (-1, "Silly baudrate <= 0.");

    // Check within tolerance (about 5%)
    if ((actual_baudrate * 2 < baudrate /* Catch overflows */ )
            || ((actual_baudrate < baudrate)
                ? (actual_baudrate * 21 < baudrate * 20)
                : (baudrate * 21 < actual_baudrate * 20)))
        ftdi_error_return (-1, "Unsupported baudrate. Note: bitbang baudrates are automatically multiplied by 4");

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE,
                        SIO_SET_BAUDRATE_REQUEST, value,
                        index, NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return (-2, "Setting new baudrate failed");

    ftdi->baudrate = baudrate;
    return 0;
}

int ftdi_set_line_property(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, enum ftdi_bits_type bits,
                           enum ftdi_stopbits_type sbit, enum ftdi_parity_type parity)
{
    return ftdi_set_line_property2(ftdi, bits, sbit, parity, BREAK_OFF);
}

int ftdi_set_line_property2(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, enum ftdi_bits_type bits,
                            enum ftdi_stopbits_type sbit, enum ftdi_parity_type parity,
                            enum ftdi_break_type break_type)
{
    unsigned short value = bits;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    switch (parity)
    {
        case NONE:
            value |= (0x00 << 8);
            break;
        case ODD:
            value |= (0x01 << 8);
            break;
        case EVEN:
            value |= (0x02 << 8);
            break;
        case MARK:
            value |= (0x03 << 8);
            break;
        case SPACE:
            value |= (0x04 << 8);
            break;
    }

    switch (sbit)
    {
        case STOP_BIT_1:
            value |= (0x00 << 11);
            break;
        case STOP_BIT_15:
            value |= (0x01 << 11);
            break;
        case STOP_BIT_2:
            value |= (0x02 << 11);
            break;
    }

    switch (break_type)
    {
        case BREAK_OFF:
            value |= (0x00 << 14);
            break;
        case BREAK_ON:
            value |= (0x01 << 14);
            break;
    }

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE,
                        SIO_SET_DATA_REQUEST, value,
                        ftdi->index, NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return (-1, "Setting new line property failed");

    return 0;
}

int ftdi_write_data(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
    int ret;
    int offset = 0;
    int total_written = 0;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-666, "USB device unavailable");

    while (offset < size)
    {
        int write_size = ftdi->writebuffer_chunksize;

        if (offset+write_size > size)
            write_size = size-offset;

        ret = usb_bulk_write(ftdi->usb_dev, ftdi->in_ep, buf+offset, write_size, ftdi->usb_write_timeout);
        if (ret < 0)
            ftdi_error_return(ret, "usb bulk write failed");

        total_written += ret;
        offset += write_size;
    }

    return total_written;
}

#ifdef LIBFTDI_LINUX_ASYNC_MODE
#ifdef USB_CLASS_PTP
#error LIBFTDI_LINUX_ASYNC_MODE is not compatible with libusb-compat-0.1!
#endif
/* this is strongly dependent on libusb using the same struct layout. If libusb
   changes in some later version this may break horribly (this is for libusb 0.1.12) */
struct usb_dev_handle
{
    int fd;
    // some other stuff coming here we don't need
};

static int _usb_get_async_urbs_pending(struct ftdi_context *ftdi)
{
    struct usbdevfs_urb *urb;
    int pending=0;
    unsigned int i;

    for (i=0; i < ftdi->async_usb_buffer_size; i++)
    {
        urb=&((struct usbdevfs_urb *)(ftdi->async_usb_buffer))[i];
        if (urb->usercontext != FTDI_URB_USERCONTEXT_COOKIE)
            pending++;
    }

    return pending;
}

static void _usb_async_cleanup(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, int wait_for_more, int timeout_msec)
{
    struct timeval tv;
    struct usbdevfs_urb *urb;
    int ret;
    fd_set writefds;
    int keep_going=0;

    FD_ZERO(&writefds);
    FD_SET(ftdi->usb_dev->fd, &writefds);

    /* init timeout only once, select writes time left after call */
    tv.tv_sec = timeout_msec / 1000;
    tv.tv_usec = (timeout_msec % 1000) * 1000;

    do
    {
        ret = -1;
        urb = NULL;

        while (_usb_get_async_urbs_pending(ftdi)
                && (ret = ioctl(ftdi->usb_dev->fd, USBDEVFS_REAPURBNDELAY, &urb)) == -1
                && errno == EAGAIN)
        {
            if (keep_going && !wait_for_more)
            {
                /* don't wait if repeating only for keep_going */
                keep_going=0;
                break;
            }

            /* wait for timeout msec or something written ready */
            select(ftdi->usb_dev->fd+1, NULL, &writefds, NULL, &tv);
        }

        if (ret == 0 && urb != NULL)
        {
            /* got a free urb, mark it */
            urb->usercontext = FTDI_URB_USERCONTEXT_COOKIE;

            /* try to get more urbs that are ready now, but don't wait anymore */
            keep_going=1;
        }
        else
        {
            /* no more urbs waiting */
            keep_going=0;
        }
    }
    while (keep_going);
}

void ftdi_async_complete(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, int wait_for_more)
{
    _usb_async_cleanup(ftdi,wait_for_more,ftdi->usb_write_timeout);
}

static int _usb_bulk_write_async(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, int ep, char *bytes, int size)
{
    struct usbdevfs_urb *urb;
    int bytesdone = 0, requested;
    int ret, cleanup_count;
    unsigned int i;

    do
    {
        /* find a free urb buffer we can use */
        i = 0;
        urb=NULL;
        for (cleanup_count=0; urb==NULL && cleanup_count <= 1; cleanup_count++)
        {
            if (i==ftdi->async_usb_buffer_size)
            {
                /* wait until some buffers are free */
                _usb_async_cleanup(ftdi,0,ftdi->usb_write_timeout);
            }

            for (i=0; i < ftdi->async_usb_buffer_size; i++)
            {
                urb=&((struct usbdevfs_urb *)(ftdi->async_usb_buffer))[i];
                if (urb->usercontext == FTDI_URB_USERCONTEXT_COOKIE)
                    break;  /* found a free urb position */
                urb=NULL;
            }
        }

        /* no free urb position found */
        if (urb==NULL)
            return -1;

        requested = size - bytesdone;
        if (requested > 4096)
            requested = 4096;

        memset(urb,0,sizeof(urb));

        urb->type = USBDEVFS_URB_TYPE_BULK;
        urb->endpoint = ep;
        urb->flags = 0;
        urb->buffer = bytes + bytesdone;
        urb->buffer_length = requested;
        urb->signr = 0;
        urb->actual_length = 0;
        urb->number_of_packets = 0;
        urb->usercontext = 0;

        do
        {
            ret = ioctl(ftdi->usb_dev->fd, USBDEVFS_SUBMITURB, urb);
        }
        while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);
        if (ret < 0)
            return ret;       /* the caller can read errno to get more info */

        bytesdone += requested;
    }
    while (bytesdone < size);
    return bytesdone;
}

int ftdi_write_data_async(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
    int ret;
    int offset = 0;
    int total_written = 0;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-666, "USB device unavailable");

    while (offset < size)
    {
        int write_size = ftdi->writebuffer_chunksize;

        if (offset+write_size > size)
            write_size = size-offset;

        ret = _usb_bulk_write_async(ftdi, ftdi->in_ep, buf+offset, write_size);
        if (ret < 0)
            ftdi_error_return(ret, "usb bulk write async failed");

        total_written += ret;
        offset += write_size;
    }

    return total_written;
}
#endif // LIBFTDI_LINUX_ASYNC_MODE

int ftdi_write_data_set_chunksize(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, unsigned int chunksize)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "ftdi context invalid");

    ftdi->writebuffer_chunksize = chunksize;
    return 0;
}

int ftdi_write_data_get_chunksize(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, unsigned int *chunksize)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "ftdi context invalid");

    *chunksize = ftdi->writebuffer_chunksize;
    return 0;
}

int ftdi_read_data(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
    int offset = 0, ret = 1, i, num_of_chunks, chunk_remains;
    int packet_size;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-666, "USB device unavailable");

    packet_size = ftdi->max_packet_size;
    // Packet size sanity check (avoid division by zero)
    if (packet_size == 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "max_packet_size is bogus (zero)");

    // everything we want is still in the readbuffer?
    if (size <= ftdi->readbuffer_remaining)
    {
        memcpy (buf, ftdi->readbuffer+ftdi->readbuffer_offset, size);

        // Fix offsets
        ftdi->readbuffer_remaining -= size;
        ftdi->readbuffer_offset += size;

        /* printf("Returning bytes from buffer: %d - remaining: %d\n", size, ftdi->readbuffer_remaining); */

        return size;
    }
    // something still in the readbuffer, but not enough to satisfy 'size'?
    if (ftdi->readbuffer_remaining != 0)
    {
        memcpy (buf, ftdi->readbuffer+ftdi->readbuffer_offset, ftdi->readbuffer_remaining);

        // Fix offset
        offset += ftdi->readbuffer_remaining;
    }
    // do the actual USB read
    while (offset < size && ret > 0)
    {
        ftdi->readbuffer_remaining = 0;
        ftdi->readbuffer_offset = 0;
        /* returns how much received */
        ret = usb_bulk_read (ftdi->usb_dev, ftdi->out_ep, ftdi->readbuffer, ftdi->readbuffer_chunksize, ftdi->usb_read_timeout);
        if (ret < 0)
            ftdi_error_return(ret, "usb bulk read failed");

        if (ret > 2)
        {
            // skip FTDI status bytes.
            // Maybe stored in the future to enable modem use
            num_of_chunks = ret / packet_size;
            chunk_remains = ret % packet_size;
            //printf("ret = %X, num_of_chunks = %X, chunk_remains = %X, readbuffer_offset = %X\n", ret, num_of_chunks, chunk_remains, ftdi->readbuffer_offset);

            ftdi->readbuffer_offset += 2;
            ret -= 2;

            if (ret > packet_size - 2)
            {
                for (i = 1; i < num_of_chunks; i++)
                    memmove (ftdi->readbuffer+ftdi->readbuffer_offset+(packet_size - 2)*i,
                             ftdi->readbuffer+ftdi->readbuffer_offset+packet_size*i,
                             packet_size - 2);
                if (chunk_remains > 2)
                {
                    memmove (ftdi->readbuffer+ftdi->readbuffer_offset+(packet_size - 2)*i,
                             ftdi->readbuffer+ftdi->readbuffer_offset+packet_size*i,
                             chunk_remains-2);
                    ret -= 2*num_of_chunks;
                }
                else
                    ret -= 2*(num_of_chunks-1)+chunk_remains;
            }
        }
        else if (ret <= 2)
        {
            // no more data to read?
            return offset;
        }
        if (ret > 0)
        {
            // data still fits in buf?
            if (offset+ret <= size)
            {
                memcpy (buf+offset, ftdi->readbuffer+ftdi->readbuffer_offset, ret);
                //printf("buf[0] = %X, buf[1] = %X\n", buf[0], buf[1]);
                offset += ret;

                /* Did we read exactly the right amount of bytes? */
                if (offset == size)
                    //printf("read_data exact rem %d offset %d\n",
                    //ftdi->readbuffer_remaining, offset);
                    return offset;
            }
            else
            {
                // only copy part of the data or size <= readbuffer_chunksize
                int part_size = size-offset;
                memcpy (buf+offset, ftdi->readbuffer+ftdi->readbuffer_offset, part_size);

                ftdi->readbuffer_offset += part_size;
                ftdi->readbuffer_remaining = ret-part_size;
                offset += part_size;

                /* printf("Returning part: %d - size: %d - offset: %d - ret: %d - remaining: %d\n",
                part_size, size, offset, ret, ftdi->readbuffer_remaining); */

                return offset;
            }
        }
    }
    // never reached
    return -127;
}

int ftdi_read_data_set_chunksize(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, unsigned int chunksize)
{
    unsigned char *new_buf;

    if (ftdi == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "ftdi context invalid");

    // Invalidate all remaining data
    ftdi->readbuffer_offset = 0;
    ftdi->readbuffer_remaining = 0;

    if ((new_buf = (unsigned char *)realloc(ftdi->readbuffer, chunksize)) == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "out of memory for readbuffer");

    ftdi->readbuffer = new_buf;
    ftdi->readbuffer_chunksize = chunksize;

    return 0;
}

int ftdi_read_data_get_chunksize(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, unsigned int *chunksize)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "FTDI context invalid");

    *chunksize = ftdi->readbuffer_chunksize;
    return 0;
}


int ftdi_enable_bitbang(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, unsigned char bitmask)
{
    unsigned short usb_val;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    usb_val = bitmask; // low byte: bitmask
    /* FT2232C: Set bitbang_mode to 2 to enable SPI */
    usb_val |= (ftdi->bitbang_mode << 8);

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE,
                        SIO_SET_BITMODE_REQUEST, usb_val, ftdi->index,
                        NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "unable to enter bitbang mode. Perhaps not a BM type chip?");

    ftdi->bitbang_enabled = 1;
    return 0;
}

int ftdi_disable_bitbang(struct ftdi_context *ftdi)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE, SIO_SET_BITMODE_REQUEST, 0, ftdi->index, NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "unable to leave bitbang mode. Perhaps not a BM type chip?");

    ftdi->bitbang_enabled = 0;
    return 0;
}

int ftdi_set_bitmode(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, unsigned char bitmask, unsigned char mode)
{
    unsigned short usb_val;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    usb_val = bitmask; // low byte: bitmask
    usb_val |= (mode << 8);
    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE, SIO_SET_BITMODE_REQUEST, usb_val, ftdi->index, NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "unable to configure bitbang mode. Perhaps selected mode not supported on your chip?");

    ftdi->bitbang_mode = mode;
    ftdi->bitbang_enabled = (mode == BITMODE_RESET) ? 0 : 1;
    return 0;
}

int ftdi_read_pins(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, unsigned char *pins)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_IN_REQTYPE, SIO_READ_PINS_REQUEST, 0, ftdi->index, (char *)pins, 1, ftdi->usb_read_timeout) != 1)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "read pins failed");

    return 0;
}

int ftdi_set_latency_timer(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, unsigned char latency)
{
    unsigned short usb_val;

    if (latency < 1)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "latency out of range. Only valid for 1-255");

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-3, "USB device unavailable");

    usb_val = latency;
    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE, SIO_SET_LATENCY_TIMER_REQUEST, usb_val, ftdi->index, NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "unable to set latency timer");

    return 0;
}

int ftdi_get_latency_timer(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, unsigned char *latency)
{
    unsigned short usb_val;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_IN_REQTYPE, SIO_GET_LATENCY_TIMER_REQUEST, 0, ftdi->index, (char *)&usb_val, 1, ftdi->usb_read_timeout) != 1)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "reading latency timer failed");

    *latency = (unsigned char)usb_val;
    return 0;
}

int ftdi_poll_modem_status(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, unsigned short *status)
{
    char usb_val[2];

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_IN_REQTYPE, SIO_POLL_MODEM_STATUS_REQUEST, 0, ftdi->index, usb_val, 2, ftdi->usb_read_timeout) != 2)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "getting modem status failed");

    *status = (usb_val[1] << 8) | (usb_val[0] & 0xFF);

    return 0;
}

int ftdi_setflowctrl(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, int flowctrl)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE,
                        SIO_SET_FLOW_CTRL_REQUEST, 0, (flowctrl | ftdi->index),
                        NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "set flow control failed");

    return 0;
}

int ftdi_setdtr(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, int state)
{
    unsigned short usb_val;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    if (state)
        usb_val = SIO_SET_DTR_HIGH;
    else
        usb_val = SIO_SET_DTR_LOW;

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE,
                        SIO_SET_MODEM_CTRL_REQUEST, usb_val, ftdi->index,
                        NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "set dtr failed");

    return 0;
}

int ftdi_setrts(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, int state)
{
    unsigned short usb_val;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    if (state)
        usb_val = SIO_SET_RTS_HIGH;
    else
        usb_val = SIO_SET_RTS_LOW;

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE,
                        SIO_SET_MODEM_CTRL_REQUEST, usb_val, ftdi->index,
                        NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "set of rts failed");

    return 0;
}

int ftdi_setdtr_rts(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, int dtr, int rts)
{
    unsigned short usb_val;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    if (dtr)
        usb_val = SIO_SET_DTR_HIGH;
    else
        usb_val = SIO_SET_DTR_LOW;

    if (rts)
        usb_val |= SIO_SET_RTS_HIGH;
    else
        usb_val |= SIO_SET_RTS_LOW;

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE,
                        SIO_SET_MODEM_CTRL_REQUEST, usb_val, ftdi->index,
                        NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "set of rts/dtr failed");

    return 0;
}

int ftdi_set_event_char(struct ftdi_context *ftdi,
                        unsigned char eventch, unsigned char enable)
{
    unsigned short usb_val;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    usb_val = eventch;
    if (enable)
        usb_val |= 1 << 8;

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE, SIO_SET_EVENT_CHAR_REQUEST, usb_val, ftdi->index, NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "setting event character failed");

    return 0;
}

int ftdi_set_error_char(struct ftdi_context *ftdi,
                        unsigned char errorch, unsigned char enable)
{
    unsigned short usb_val;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    usb_val = errorch;
    if (enable)
        usb_val |= 1 << 8;

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE, SIO_SET_ERROR_CHAR_REQUEST, usb_val, ftdi->index, NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "setting error character failed");

    return 0;
}

void ftdi_eeprom_setsize(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, struct ftdi_eeprom *eeprom, int size)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL)
        return;

    ftdi->eeprom_size=size;
    eeprom->size=size;
}

void ftdi_eeprom_initdefaults(struct ftdi_eeprom *eeprom)
{
    int i;

    if (eeprom == NULL)
        return;

    eeprom->vendor_id = 0x0403;
    eeprom->product_id = 0x6001;

    eeprom->self_powered = 1;
    eeprom->remote_wakeup = 1;
    eeprom->chip_type = TYPE_BM;

    eeprom->in_is_isochronous = 0;
    eeprom->out_is_isochronous = 0;
    eeprom->suspend_pull_downs = 0;

    eeprom->use_serial = 0;
    eeprom->change_usb_version = 0;
    eeprom->usb_version = 0x0200;
    eeprom->max_power = 0;

    eeprom->manufacturer = NULL;
    eeprom->product = NULL;
    eeprom->serial = NULL;
    for (i=0; i < 5; i++)
    {
        eeprom->cbus_function[i] = 0;
    }
    eeprom->high_current = 0;
    eeprom->invert = 0;

    eeprom->size = FTDI_DEFAULT_EEPROM_SIZE;
}

void ftdi_eeprom_free(struct ftdi_eeprom *eeprom)
{
    if (!eeprom)
        return;

    if (eeprom->manufacturer != 0) {
        free(eeprom->manufacturer);
        eeprom->manufacturer = 0;
    }
    if (eeprom->product != 0) {
        free(eeprom->product);
        eeprom->product = 0;
    }
    if (eeprom->serial != 0) {
        free(eeprom->serial);
        eeprom->serial = 0;
    }
}

int ftdi_eeprom_build(struct ftdi_eeprom *eeprom, unsigned char *output)
{
    unsigned char i, j;
    unsigned short checksum, value;
    unsigned char manufacturer_size = 0, product_size = 0, serial_size = 0;
    int size_check;
    const int cbus_max[5] = {13, 13, 13, 13, 9};

    if (eeprom == NULL)
        return -2;

    if (eeprom->manufacturer != NULL)
        manufacturer_size = strlen(eeprom->manufacturer);
    if (eeprom->product != NULL)
        product_size = strlen(eeprom->product);
    if (eeprom->serial != NULL)
        serial_size = strlen(eeprom->serial);

    // highest allowed cbus value
    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
        if ((eeprom->cbus_function[i] > cbus_max[i]) ||
            (eeprom->cbus_function[i] && eeprom->chip_type != TYPE_R)) return -3;
    }
    if (eeprom->chip_type != TYPE_R)
    {
        if (eeprom->invert) return -4;
        if (eeprom->high_current) return -5;
    }

    size_check = eeprom->size;
    size_check -= 28; // 28 are always in use (fixed)

    // Top half of a 256byte eeprom is used just for strings and checksum
    // it seems that the FTDI chip will not read these strings from the lower half
    // Each string starts with two bytes; offset and type (0x03 for string)
    // the checksum needs two bytes, so without the string data that 8 bytes from the top half
    if (eeprom->size>=256) size_check = 120;
    size_check -= manufacturer_size*2;
    size_check -= product_size*2;
    size_check -= serial_size*2;

    // eeprom size exceeded?
    if (size_check < 0)
        return (-1);

    // empty eeprom
    memset (output, 0, eeprom->size);

    // Addr 00: High current IO
    output[0x00] = eeprom->high_current ? HIGH_CURRENT_DRIVE : 0;
    // Addr 01: IN endpoint size (for R type devices, different for FT2232)
    if (eeprom->chip_type == TYPE_R) {
        output[0x01] = 0x40;
    }
    // Addr 02: Vendor ID
    output[0x02] = eeprom->vendor_id;
    output[0x03] = eeprom->vendor_id >> 8;

    // Addr 04: Product ID
    output[0x04] = eeprom->product_id;
    output[0x05] = eeprom->product_id >> 8;

    // Addr 06: Device release number (0400h for BM features)
    output[0x06] = 0x00;
    switch (eeprom->chip_type) {
        case TYPE_AM:
            output[0x07] = 0x02;
            break;
        case TYPE_BM:
            output[0x07] = 0x04;
            break;
        case TYPE_2232C:
            output[0x07] = 0x05;
            break;
        case TYPE_R:
            output[0x07] = 0x06;
            break;
        case TYPE_2232H:
            output[0x07] = 0x07;
            break;
         case TYPE_4232H:
            output[0x07] = 0x08;
            break;
        case TYPE_232H:
            output[0x07] = 0x09;
            break;
        default:
            output[0x07] = 0x00;
    }

    // Addr 08: Config descriptor
    // Bit 7: always 1
    // Bit 6: 1 if this device is self powered, 0 if bus powered
    // Bit 5: 1 if this device uses remote wakeup
    // Bit 4: 1 if this device is battery powered
    j = 0x80;
    if (eeprom->self_powered == 1)
        j |= 0x40;
    if (eeprom->remote_wakeup == 1)
        j |= 0x20;
    output[0x08] = j;

    // Addr 09: Max power consumption: max power = value * 2 mA
    output[0x09] = eeprom->max_power;

    // Addr 0A: Chip configuration
    // Bit 7: 0 - reserved
    // Bit 6: 0 - reserved
    // Bit 5: 0 - reserved
    // Bit 4: 1 - Change USB version
    // Bit 3: 1 - Use the serial number string
    // Bit 2: 1 - Enable suspend pull downs for lower power
    // Bit 1: 1 - Out EndPoint is Isochronous
    // Bit 0: 1 - In EndPoint is Isochronous
    //
    j = 0;
    if (eeprom->in_is_isochronous == 1)
        j = j | 1;
    if (eeprom->out_is_isochronous == 1)
        j = j | 2;
    if (eeprom->suspend_pull_downs == 1)
        j = j | 4;
    if (eeprom->use_serial == 1)
        j = j | 8;
    if (eeprom->change_usb_version == 1)
        j = j | 16;
    output[0x0A] = j;

    // Addr 0B: Invert data lines
    output[0x0B] = eeprom->invert & 0xff;

    // Addr 0C: USB version low byte when 0x0A bit 4 is set
    // Addr 0D: USB version high byte when 0x0A bit 4 is set
    if (eeprom->change_usb_version == 1)
    {
        output[0x0C] = eeprom->usb_version;
        output[0x0D] = eeprom->usb_version >> 8;
    }


    // Addr 0E: Offset of the manufacturer string + 0x80, calculated later
    // Addr 0F: Length of manufacturer string
    output[0x0F] = manufacturer_size*2 + 2;

    // Addr 10: Offset of the product string + 0x80, calculated later
    // Addr 11: Length of product string
    output[0x11] = product_size*2 + 2;

    // Addr 12: Offset of the serial string + 0x80, calculated later
    // Addr 13: Length of serial string
    output[0x13] = serial_size*2 + 2;

    // Addr 14: CBUS function: CBUS0, CBUS1
    // Addr 15: CBUS function: CBUS2, CBUS3
    // Addr 16: CBUS function: CBUS5
    output[0x14] = eeprom->cbus_function[0] | (eeprom->cbus_function[1] << 4);
    output[0x15] = eeprom->cbus_function[2] | (eeprom->cbus_function[3] << 4);
    output[0x16] = eeprom->cbus_function[4];
    // Addr 17: Unknown

    // Dynamic content
    // In images produced by FTDI's FT_Prog for FT232R strings start at 0x18
    // Space till 0x18 should be considered as reserved.
    if (eeprom->chip_type >= TYPE_R) {
        i = 0x18;
    } else {
        i = 0x14;
    }
    if (eeprom->size >= 256) i = 0x80;


    // Output manufacturer
    output[0x0E] = i | 0x80;  // calculate offset
    output[i++] = manufacturer_size*2 + 2;
    output[i++] = 0x03; // type: string
    for (j = 0; j < manufacturer_size; j++)
    {
        output[i] = eeprom->manufacturer[j], i++;
        output[i] = 0x00, i++;
    }

    // Output product name
    output[0x10] = i | 0x80;  // calculate offset
    output[i] = product_size*2 + 2, i++;
    output[i] = 0x03, i++;
    for (j = 0; j < product_size; j++)
    {
        output[i] = eeprom->product[j], i++;
        output[i] = 0x00, i++;
    }

    // Output serial
    output[0x12] = i | 0x80; // calculate offset
    output[i] = serial_size*2 + 2, i++;
    output[i] = 0x03, i++;
    for (j = 0; j < serial_size; j++)
    {
        output[i] = eeprom->serial[j], i++;
        output[i] = 0x00, i++;
    }

    // calculate checksum
    checksum = 0xAAAA;

    for (i = 0; i < eeprom->size/2-1; i++)
    {
        value = output[i*2];
        value += output[(i*2)+1] << 8;

        checksum = value^checksum;
        checksum = (checksum << 1) | (checksum >> 15);
    }

    output[eeprom->size-2] = checksum;
    output[eeprom->size-1] = checksum >> 8;

    return size_check;
}

int ftdi_eeprom_decode(struct ftdi_eeprom *eeprom, unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
    unsigned char i, j;
    unsigned short checksum, eeprom_checksum, value;
    unsigned char manufacturer_size = 0, product_size = 0, serial_size = 0;
    int size_check;
    int eeprom_size = 128;

    if (eeprom == NULL)
        return -1;
#if 0
    size_check = eeprom->size;
    size_check -= 28; // 28 are always in use (fixed)

    // Top half of a 256byte eeprom is used just for strings and checksum
    // it seems that the FTDI chip will not read these strings from the lower half
    // Each string starts with two bytes; offset and type (0x03 for string)
    // the checksum needs two bytes, so without the string data that 8 bytes from the top half
    if (eeprom->size>=256)size_check = 120;
    size_check -= manufacturer_size*2;
    size_check -= product_size*2;
    size_check -= serial_size*2;

    // eeprom size exceeded?
    if (size_check < 0)
        return (-1);
#endif

    // empty eeprom struct
    memset(eeprom, 0, sizeof(struct ftdi_eeprom));

    // Addr 00: High current IO
    eeprom->high_current = (buf[0x02] & HIGH_CURRENT_DRIVE);

    // Addr 02: Vendor ID
    eeprom->vendor_id = buf[0x02] + (buf[0x03] << 8);

    // Addr 04: Product ID
    eeprom->product_id = buf[0x04] + (buf[0x05] << 8);

    value = buf[0x06] + (buf[0x07]<<8);
    switch (value)
    {
        case 0x0900:
            eeprom->chip_type = TYPE_232H;
            break;
        case 0x0800:
            eeprom->chip_type = TYPE_4232H;
            break;
        case 0x0700:
            eeprom->chip_type = TYPE_2232H;
            break;
        case 0x0600:
            eeprom->chip_type = TYPE_R;
            break;
        case 0x0400:
            eeprom->chip_type = TYPE_BM;
            break;
        case 0x0200:
            eeprom->chip_type = TYPE_AM;
            break;
        default: // Unknown device
            eeprom->chip_type = 0;
            break;
    }

    // Addr 08: Config descriptor
    // Bit 7: always 1
    // Bit 6: 1 if this device is self powered, 0 if bus powered
    // Bit 5: 1 if this device uses remote wakeup
    // Bit 4: 1 if this device is battery powered
    j = buf[0x08];
    if (j&0x40) eeprom->self_powered = 1;
    if (j&0x20) eeprom->remote_wakeup = 1;

    // Addr 09: Max power consumption: max power = value * 2 mA
    eeprom->max_power = buf[0x09];

    // Addr 0A: Chip configuration
    // Bit 7: 0 - reserved
    // Bit 6: 0 - reserved
    // Bit 5: 0 - reserved
    // Bit 4: 1 - Change USB version
    // Bit 3: 1 - Use the serial number string
    // Bit 2: 1 - Enable suspend pull downs for lower power
    // Bit 1: 1 - Out EndPoint is Isochronous
    // Bit 0: 1 - In EndPoint is Isochronous
    //
    j = buf[0x0A];
    if (j&0x01) eeprom->in_is_isochronous = 1;
    if (j&0x02) eeprom->out_is_isochronous = 1;
    if (j&0x04) eeprom->suspend_pull_downs = 1;
    if (j&0x08) eeprom->use_serial = 1;
    if (j&0x10) eeprom->change_usb_version = 1;

    // Addr 0B: Invert data lines
    eeprom->invert = buf[0x0B];

    // Addr 0C: USB version low byte when 0x0A bit 4 is set
    // Addr 0D: USB version high byte when 0x0A bit 4 is set
    if (eeprom->change_usb_version == 1)
    {
        eeprom->usb_version = buf[0x0C] + (buf[0x0D] << 8);
    }

    // Addr 0E: Offset of the manufacturer string + 0x80, calculated later
    // Addr 0F: Length of manufacturer string
    manufacturer_size = buf[0x0F]/2;
    if (manufacturer_size > 0) eeprom->manufacturer = malloc(manufacturer_size);
    else eeprom->manufacturer = NULL;

    // Addr 10: Offset of the product string + 0x80, calculated later
    // Addr 11: Length of product string
    product_size = buf[0x11]/2;
    if (product_size > 0) eeprom->product = malloc(product_size);
    else eeprom->product = NULL;

    // Addr 12: Offset of the serial string + 0x80, calculated later
    // Addr 13: Length of serial string
    serial_size = buf[0x13]/2;
    if (serial_size > 0) eeprom->serial = malloc(serial_size);
    else eeprom->serial = NULL;

    // Addr 14: CBUS function: CBUS0, CBUS1
    // Addr 15: CBUS function: CBUS2, CBUS3
    // Addr 16: CBUS function: CBUS5
    if (eeprom->chip_type == TYPE_R) {
        eeprom->cbus_function[0] = buf[0x14] & 0x0f;
        eeprom->cbus_function[1] = (buf[0x14] >> 4) & 0x0f;
        eeprom->cbus_function[2] = buf[0x15] & 0x0f;
        eeprom->cbus_function[3] = (buf[0x15] >> 4) & 0x0f;
        eeprom->cbus_function[4] = buf[0x16] & 0x0f;
    } else {
        for (j=0; j<5; j++) eeprom->cbus_function[j] = 0;
    }

    // Decode manufacturer
    i = buf[0x0E] & 0x7f; // offset
    for (j=0;j<manufacturer_size-1;j++)
    {
        eeprom->manufacturer[j] = buf[2*j+i+2];
    }
    eeprom->manufacturer[j] = '\0';

    // Decode product name
    i = buf[0x10] & 0x7f; // offset
    for (j=0;j<product_size-1;j++)
    {
        eeprom->product[j] = buf[2*j+i+2];
    }
    eeprom->product[j] = '\0';

    // Decode serial
    i = buf[0x12] & 0x7f; // offset
    for (j=0;j<serial_size-1;j++)
    {
        eeprom->serial[j] = buf[2*j+i+2];
    }
    eeprom->serial[j] = '\0';

    // verify checksum
    checksum = 0xAAAA;

    for (i = 0; i < eeprom_size/2-1; i++)
    {
        value = buf[i*2];
        value += buf[(i*2)+1] << 8;

        checksum = value^checksum;
        checksum = (checksum << 1) | (checksum >> 15);
    }

    eeprom_checksum = buf[eeprom_size-2] + (buf[eeprom_size-1] << 8);

    if (eeprom_checksum != checksum)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Checksum Error: %04x %04x\n", checksum, eeprom_checksum);
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}

int ftdi_read_eeprom_location (struct ftdi_context *ftdi, int eeprom_addr, unsigned short *eeprom_val)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_IN_REQTYPE, SIO_READ_EEPROM_REQUEST, 0, eeprom_addr, (char *)eeprom_val, 2, ftdi->usb_read_timeout) != 2)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "reading eeprom failed");

    return 0;
}

int ftdi_read_eeprom(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, unsigned char *eeprom)
{
    int i;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    for (i = 0; i < ftdi->eeprom_size/2; i++)
    {
        if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_IN_REQTYPE, SIO_READ_EEPROM_REQUEST, 0, i, eeprom+(i*2), 2, ftdi->usb_read_timeout) != 2)
            ftdi_error_return(-1, "reading eeprom failed");
    }

    return 0;
}

/*
    ftdi_read_chipid_shift does the bitshift operation needed for the FTDIChip-ID
    Function is only used internally
    \internal
*/
static unsigned char ftdi_read_chipid_shift(unsigned char value)
{
    return ((value & 1) << 1) |
           ((value & 2) << 5) |
           ((value & 4) >> 2) |
           ((value & 8) << 4) |
           ((value & 16) >> 1) |
           ((value & 32) >> 1) |
           ((value & 64) >> 4) |
           ((value & 128) >> 2);
}

int ftdi_read_chipid(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, unsigned int *chipid)
{
    unsigned int a = 0, b = 0;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_IN_REQTYPE, SIO_READ_EEPROM_REQUEST, 0, 0x43, (char *)&a, 2, ftdi->usb_read_timeout) == 2)
    {
        a = a << 8 | a >> 8;
        if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_IN_REQTYPE, SIO_READ_EEPROM_REQUEST, 0, 0x44, (char *)&b, 2, ftdi->usb_read_timeout) == 2)
        {
            b = b << 8 | b >> 8;
            a = (a << 16) | (b & 0xFFFF);
            a = ftdi_read_chipid_shift(a) | ftdi_read_chipid_shift(a>>8)<<8
                | ftdi_read_chipid_shift(a>>16)<<16 | ftdi_read_chipid_shift(a>>24)<<24;
            *chipid = a ^ 0xa5f0f7d1;
            return 0;
        }
    }

    ftdi_error_return(-1, "read of FTDIChip-ID failed");
}

int ftdi_read_eeprom_getsize(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, unsigned char *eeprom, int maxsize)
{
    int i=0,j,minsize=32;
    int size=minsize;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    do
    {
        for (j = 0; i < maxsize/2 && j<size; j++)
        {
            if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_IN_REQTYPE,
                                SIO_READ_EEPROM_REQUEST, 0, i,
                                eeprom+(i*2), 2, ftdi->usb_read_timeout) != 2)
                ftdi_error_return(-1, "eeprom read failed");
            i++;
        }
        size*=2;
    }
    while (size<=maxsize && memcmp(eeprom,&eeprom[size/2],size/2)!=0);

    return size/2;
}

int ftdi_write_eeprom_location(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, int eeprom_addr, unsigned short eeprom_val)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE,
                                    SIO_WRITE_EEPROM_REQUEST, eeprom_val, eeprom_addr,
                                    NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "unable to write eeprom");

    return 0;
}

int ftdi_write_eeprom(struct ftdi_context *ftdi, unsigned char *eeprom)
{
    unsigned short usb_val, status;
    int i, ret;

    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    /* These commands were traced while running MProg */
    if ((ret = ftdi_usb_reset(ftdi)) != 0)
        return ret;
    if ((ret = ftdi_poll_modem_status(ftdi, &status)) != 0)
        return ret;
    if ((ret = ftdi_set_latency_timer(ftdi, 0x77)) != 0)
        return ret;

    for (i = 0; i < ftdi->eeprom_size/2; i++)
    {
        usb_val = eeprom[i*2];
        usb_val += eeprom[(i*2)+1] << 8;
        if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE,
                            SIO_WRITE_EEPROM_REQUEST, usb_val, i,
                            NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
            ftdi_error_return(-1, "unable to write eeprom");
    }

    return 0;
}

int ftdi_erase_eeprom(struct ftdi_context *ftdi)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL || ftdi->usb_dev == NULL)
        ftdi_error_return(-2, "USB device unavailable");

    if (usb_control_msg(ftdi->usb_dev, FTDI_DEVICE_OUT_REQTYPE, SIO_ERASE_EEPROM_REQUEST, 0, 0, NULL, 0, ftdi->usb_write_timeout) != 0)
        ftdi_error_return(-1, "unable to erase eeprom");

    return 0;
}

char *ftdi_get_error_string (struct ftdi_context *ftdi)
{
    if (ftdi == NULL)
        return "";

    return ftdi->error_str;
}

/* @} end of doxygen libftdi group */